Dual-Band Conformal Rectenna with Pattern Complementarity for Leadless Pacemaker

A dual-band implantable rectenna with pattern complementarity is presented in this work. Biocompatible RO3010 and polyimide material are used as substrates for the design, and a three-dimension structure combining planar and conformal parts is constructed. The planar part is a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) miniaturized with a meandered line and three arc slots. The conductor arm on the patch is extended in the cylindrical surface by connecting it to the metal branches controlled by PIN diodes on the conformal part. Stable gain variations within 4 dB at 915 MHz and 8 dB at 1.4 GHz are achieved over the whole three-dimension space, by means of various radiation patterns in different states. Power conversion efficiency up to 68% of the proposed rectifier can be achieved at - 10 dBm input power, which is sufficient for low-power implants. The spatial dimensions of the antenna are π x 3.4<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>X 10 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup>(π x 0.01λ<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf>x 0.01λ<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf>x 0.03λ<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf>,λ<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> at 915 MHz), which are close to those of a commercially available leadless pacemaker.