A Low Energy BFSK Receiver with Adaptive Clock-less Digital Demodulation

This article presents an energy-efficient binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) receiver supporting 915MHz for wireless body area networks (WBAN) applications. The proposed receiver implemented in the 55nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology with IV supply. An improved passive mixer is proposed to reduce power consumption while providing gain. The proposed receiver employs an adaptive clock-less demodulation method, enabling fast demodulation of the required data at a rate of 5Mb/<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$s$</tex> with a latency of only 184ns. The receiver consumes <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$448\text{pW}$</tex>, corresponding to an energy consumption of 89.6pJ per received bit.