An Ultra-Wideband Energy-Selective Surface Design for High-Power Microwave Protection

An ultra-wideband energy selective surface (ESS) is proposed and simulated, which consists of a PIN diode and a cross-metal bar grid, which utilizes the switching characteristics of the diode to achieve protection against high-power microwaves. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) is also established to simulate the performance of this structure for comparison with the full-wave simulation. The simulation results illustrate that when the diode is on, the ESS is in the protection state and can reflect high-power microwaves in the 0-7.36 GHz band with a shielding efficiency (SE) greater than 10 dB; when the diode is off, the ESS is in the wave-transparent state, it can pass low-power signals with low insertion loss (IL) in the 3.42 GHz-6.7 GHz band, and the IL is less than 1 dB. The ESS demonstrates robust stability in response to changes in incident angle and polarization, enabling the provision of ultra-wideband protection.