Internet-of- Things (IoT) - Based Automated Temperature Monitoring and Control System for Enhanced Cacao Fermentation Quality

Cacao fermentation is critical for developing the chocolate flavor and quality. However, small-scale farmers often struggle to achieve consistent fermentation due to insufficient bean volumes and varying environmental conditions. This study focuses on the design and development of an Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based automated temperature monitoring and control system specifically for the cacao fermentation process. The system integrates a temperature sensor (DS18B20), a microcontroller (Arduino Uno), a heating element (nichrome wire), and a display unit (LCD) to maintain optimal fermentation temperatures. The system ensures consistent fermentation conditions by using artificial heat generation and real-time temperature adjustments. Testing demonstrated that the system maintains a steady-state error of ±0.15°C concerning the setpoint temperature. The automated control allows smallholder farmers to ferment smaller volumes of cacao effectively, ensuring the beans reach the desired quality standards. This technological advancement is expected to improve the overall yield quality and market value of cacao beans, benefiting the small-scale farming sector significantly.