Addressing Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors Amid Moderate Colon Cancer Awareness for Enhancing Public Education and Prevention

Background: Colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding population knowledge and identifying associated risk factors are critical for implementing effective preventive strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, lifestyle, and dietary behaviors contributing to colon cancer risk among the Selangor population in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 consented adult respondents from Selangor. Participants provided information on colon cancer knowledge, family history, lifestyle habits, and dietary practices. Data were analyzed to determine the correlation between knowledge levels and key risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and red meat intake. Results: The study revealed moderate knowledge of colon cancer, with 68.8% of respondents correctly identifying risk factors. Notably, 30% had a family history of colon cancer, and 27.5% had a family history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The prevalence of obesity was high, with 32.5% categorized as Type 1 obese and 38.5% in Types 2 and 3. Additionally, 41% of respondents had a family history of diabetes, which increases colon cancer risk by 30-70%. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were prevalent, with 77.5% of respondents smoking and 85.5% consuming alcohol. Only 66% reported exercising four or more days weekly. Conclusion: Despite moderate awareness of colon cancer, poor lifestyle and dietary practices remain prevalent among the Selangor population, highlighting a critical gap between knowledge and behavior. Targeted educational campaigns and innovative awareness programs are urgently needed to emphasize the connection between lifestyle choices and colon cancer risk. Early screening initiatives, particularly for high-risk populations, are essential to reduce the disease burden effectively.