MVPOA: A Learning-Based Vehicle Proposal Offloading for Cloud-Edge–Vehicle Networks

Vehicular edge computing (VEC) is an emerging computing paradigm that is rapidly advancing the development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). However, edge server has limited data storage capacity and computing resource, making it difficult to handle the massive offloading requests from IoV applications. Moreover, the mobility of vehicles and dynamic data traffic make it highly challenging to design optimal offloading and resource allocation strategies. To address the challenges mentioned above, we design a cloud-edge–vehicle hierarchical architecture for IoV task offloading, introducing a cloud server to assist in computation and alleviate the overload pressure on edge server. Considering the impact of vehicle mobility on task offloading, we propose a mobility detection method to predict which vehicles might leave the communication range of the base station, thereby preventing task offloading failures. Additionally, to achieve efficient task offloading and resource allocation in this complex IoV system, we propose a multiagent-reinforcement-learning-based vehicle proposal offloading algorithm (MVPOA). This algorithm enables vehicles to autonomously decide whether to process tasks locally or propose offloading to edge server. The edge server then decides whether to accept offloading requests based on task priority and sends rejected tasks to cloud server for processing, thereby maximizing the utilization of resources at each layer of the system. Simulation results demonstrate that MVPOA outperforms other baseline approaches in optimizing system delay and energy consumption.