Detailed improved uncertainty analysis for micropipette calibration in the range below 10 μL

Micropipettes are the most efficient tool for performing volume measurements in fields such as medicine, chemistry, biology, pharmacy, and genetics. Laboratories must ensure that the data generated by this equipment are accurate in order to compute uncertainties and calibrate micropipettes appropriately. This work aims to define the optimal method for micropipette calibration down to 1 μL under the given measurement conditions, with error sources to be identified, investigated, and fixed. A calculation model for measurement uncertainty is also provided, which is a core and main part of this paper. Detailed uncertainty analysis, including models and related derivations are also presented. At the calibration level of 1 μL, an uncertainty level of 0.019 μL ( k = 2) could be attained.