The hydrogen injection strategy's influence on the performance and emissions (exhaust, vibration, and noise) of a dual-fuel engine

The new trend in the search for alternative fuels for compression ignition engines is the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel (HDDF) mode. In order for dual fuel mode to provide maximum benefit in compression ignition engines, ECU-controlled fuel systems should be used, and their settings should be optimized. In this study, the effects of hydrogen energy ratio and hydrogen injection timing on engine performance, exhaust, noise, and mechanical vibration emissions in an ECU-controlled HDDF system compression ignition engine were investigated. The experiments were carried out at constant speed (1850 rpm), constant load (5 Nm), different hydrogen ratios (11, 14, 17, 20%), and different hydrogen injection timings (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 °CA aTDC). The specific energy consumption decreased by 8.4%, NOx emissions decreased by 68.4%, and mechanical vibrations increased by 16.6% at a 14% hydrogen energy ratio and a 30°CA aTDC hydrogen injection timing. The main objective of the study is to determine the optimum hydrogen energy ratio and hydrogen injection timing in a compression ignition engine using HDDF.