IoT based a low cost battery monitoring system using ESP8266 and Arduino IoT cloud platform

It is crucial to ensure the longevity of batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles in order to solidify their position in the market. Monitoring the life, capacity, and health of battery pack has become a major concern for users. The proper functioning and long-term durability of electric and hybrid vehicle batteries depend on accurately assessing their properties. In this study, a 6S battery module was created using NCR18650PF 3300mAh 3.7 V Li-ion batteries, which are increasingly used in electric and hybrid systems. Battery voltage, current, and surface temperature data of the battery module were collected during 500 charge-discharge cycles. Obtained charge-discharge profile, retainable capacity change rates, and the health and charge status of the battery were processed. The collected data showed the expected decrease in charge discharge profiles as documented in the literature. Upon reaching 500 charging cycles, the maintainable capacity of the battery module decreased by 70% compared to its initial state, indicating that the battery module had reached the end of its life. A program was developed using the Arduino IoT cloud system based on the charge-discharge profile and sustainable capacity change data obtained from battery characteristics. The predictions for battery health and state of charge based on the collected sensor data were processed and transferred to the interface in a way that allowed the end user to visualize it. The battery SOC, SOH, temperature, charge-discharge current, and terminal voltage data were displayed in the mobile application via the Arduino IOT Cloud platform with the ESP8266 Arduino card during daily use of the battery module. As a result, a successful module that can provide IoT communication on a lithium-ion battery pack was obtained. Thanks to the developed module, the expected life of the lithium-ion battery pack can be monitored even remotely, as long as it is connected to the internet.