Reliability and Validity of An Instrument Modified Based on The TAM for Piano Learning

This study aims to modify and assess the validity and reliability of an instrument designed to measure middle school students' perceptions of using a short video platform as an aid in piano learning. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was chosen as the theoretical framework because it is a well-established model for assessing user acceptance of technology. The absence of instruments for assessing TAM-based attitudes limits a comprehensive understanding of students' acceptance and the effectiveness of these platforms. The instrument of the current study is based on the modified model by Lee et al. (2009) following the Learners' Acceptance of E-learning framework. Models of self-directed learning and perceived satisfaction are incorporated into the original framework (service quality constructs, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intent to use). The instrument was distributed to 100 students and 95 valid responses were returned. Instrument content was modified from the four established instruments from past studies and exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the construct validity. The reliability of each construct was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, and the internal consistency of individual items within each construct was assessed using Corrected Item-Total Correlation (CITC). The findings indicate that the Cronbach's alpha values for all constructs were between 0.812 and 0.9, which ensures their internal reliability. Ultimately, 33 out of 36 items are retained. The results indicate that the instrument is valid and reliable.