Multiple sclerosis: epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment

Background. The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans continues to steadily increase each year worldwide. The problem of improving the quality of life of such patients as well as the development of new drugs for MS remains a very relevant problem today. Objective – the goal of our work was the systematization and analysis of modern data on the etiology, pathogenesis, and classification of symptoms of MS to facilitate diagnosis and search for the most effective methods of its treatment. Materials and Methods. We used during the detaliled analysis of modern literary sources helped us to collect and systematize data on the epidemiology of MS, its etiopathogenesis, classification, diagnosis and treatment, which allowed us to establish trends in the development of MS. Results. The prevalence of MS in the world continues to grow and today there are more than 2.5 million registered cases. The development of MS involves complex interactions between the immune system, genetic factors, and external influences (climate, viral component, bad habits, etc.). Despite the presence of many risk factors, MS remains a multifactorial disease, and the exact cause of its occurrence requires detailed diagnosis. But the following trend is clearly observed – the greater the totality of EF, the higher the chance of developing MS. The symptom complex of MS depends on the localization of lesions of the CNS and PNS nerves. Diagnostics includes many instrumental and laboratory research methods. Treatment of this pathology includes a combination of medicinal and non-medicinal methods, the main goal of which is aimed at reducing symptoms and slowing down the severity of their development, thereby increasing the quality of life of such patients. Conclusions. During the analysis of literary sources, it was established that MS is a heterogeneous, chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with damage to the white matter of the brain (BM), spinal cord (CM) and optic nerves, which can lead to partial or complete disability depending on the location and degree of nerve damage, and detection of this problem in the early stages prevents aggravation and slows down the progression of the disease, and the search for new original methods of pharmacotherapy of this pathology remains an urgent problem today.