Hydrogen Storage Systems for Renewable Energy: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects

This article examines various hydrogen storage systems to optimize the use of hydrogen as a solution for balancing inconsistent renewable energy supplies. Emphasizing hydrogen storage capacity, the paper discusses methods including compressed gas, liquid, underground, and metal hydrides storage, alongside innovative chemical forms. Technologies for hydrogen production from renewable sources such as photovoltaic solar energy and wind, as well as from biomass, are explored, highlighting the efficiency of water electrolysis and the challenges of intermittency. The study critically analyzes each storage technology’s energy conversion efficiency, capacity, and sustainability, providing a comparative insight that underscores the imperative for further research in enhancing the efficiency and reducing the operational costs of these technologies. As the demand for renewable energy continues to grow, this paper underscores the crucial role of advanced hydrogen storage solutions in achieving a reliable and sustainable energy future.