The Contribution of Low- and Intermediate-mass Galaxies in the Universe at the Epoch of Reionization

Understanding the contribution and role of low- and intermediate-mass galaxies in the universe at the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is pivotal to exploring and discovering further the specific era when the earliest galaxies formed and reionized the inter-galactic medium (IGM). Through more advanced technical support (especially for the observable telescopes) from century to century, a more detailed explanation of this topic can be demonstrated, even if it is still restricted currently. Nevertheless, some state-of-the-art equipment and mature functioning facilities, including the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) that update the discovery, the THESAN project that simulates the changes at the EoR, and other institutes or projects that enhance the observable standard and attention in the puzzled circumstances (e.g. high-redshift universe). Considering all these accounts, this study investigates the contribution of low- and intermediate-mass galaxies in the reionization era. It delves into their dedication and characteristics to this idiographic epoch in the preliminary stage of the universe. The explanation and findings are in light of the updated results in the field of astrophysics, the restrictions in the current puzzle, and the further looking in the developing scenario. They substantially offer invaluable fresh insights and lay a solid foundation for the further exploration of the cosmological effects during the EoR.