Advancements in 3D printing technology for electrochemical energy storage devices

Due to the escalating demand for energy transition, electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors are progressively emerging as pivotal power sources to shift reliance on inadequate fossil fuels towards sustainable and renewable resources. Nevertheless, conventional manufacturing systems still encounter significant performance barriers in meeting the requirements of Electrochemical Energy Storage (EES) devices, including high energy or power density, portability, and long cycle life. 3D printing, as a computer-aided design manufacturing process, can achieve enhanced precision in geometry, porosity, and morphology of products while improving specific energy and power density. This paper primarily examines the advancements in 3D printed energy storage devices and extensively discusses the merits and drawbacks of each 3D printing technology along with its future development.