Explore the factors of global mean temperature change

Global warming, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas emissions and natural factors, poses a significant threat to ecosystems and human societies, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its causes to inform effective mitigation strategies. This paper addresses the knowledge gap by providing a holistic analysis of both natural and human contributors to the global temperature rise. This paper summarizes the effects of natural forcing and human activities on global mean temperature. The research results show that fluctuations in global temperature are largely influenced by solar activity, volcanic forcing, and human-induced CO2 emissions. Although volcanic and solar activity has different effects on climate, human action—especially the use of fossil fuels—is one of the main causes of global warming. Land degradation and desertification speed up climate change, and land use changes also have a significant impact on carbon emissions and climate control. The above factors together act on the change of global mean temperature, and further research can be conducted to more accurately understand and predict the future trend of climate change and find ways to mitigate global warming.