Progress in studying the bioactive functions of Phyllanthus emblica L.

Phyllanthus emblica L., belonging to the Phyllanthaceae family, is extensively distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. PE exhibits a range of therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. It is laden with a high concentration of various bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Notably, flavonols are among the most copious flavonoids present in PE fruit. Its potent antioxidant activity is primarily attributed to its high content of polyphenols, which comprise 45% of the dry fruit’s mass.Polyphenols in PE possess the capability to neutralize free radicals or chelate iron ions and are considered as good antioxidants. The phytochemicals such as tannins and terpenoids in PE are antibacterial and can act as natural antimicrobial agents to inhibit bacterial growth by destroying the bacterial cell wall or preventing the synthesis of key enzymes. Furthermore, PE possesses notable anti-inflammatory attributes, mitigating inflammation through the suppression of critical enzymes integral to the inflammatory cascade, including COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of PE render it a promising candidate for a variety of applications within the realms of food and medicine.