Exploring Ethical Challenges and Labour Practices in the Informal Sector: A Study of Ghana’s Fashion Apprenticeship Programs

Purpose: This study explores the ethical challenges and labour practices within Ghana’s fashion apprenticeship programs, with a focus on how these practices align with the National Apprenticeship Policy (NAP). Given the critical role of apprenticeships in skills development and economic empowerment in Ghana, the study seeks to identify gaps between policy provisions and actual practices, particularly within the highly informal fashion sector. Methodology/Design: The study adopts a qualitative approach, utilising in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including apprentices, master craftsmen, and representatives from industry associations. Data were collected through focus group discussions and thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring patterns and themes related to working conditions, mentorship quality, policy compliance, and remuneration practices. Findings: The study reveals despite the National Apprenticeship Policy’s guidelines on fair treatment, safe working conditions, and standardised contracts, apprentices often experience a stark disconnect between these provisions and actual practices. Many workshops are cramped, lack essential safety equipment and require apprentices to work excessively long hours, often without sufficient breaks. Training is largely unstructured, with apprentices learning primarily through observation. Many master craftsmen are unaware of or do not fully understand the policy requirements, particularly regarding contracts, safety standards, and structured assessments. This undermines the policy’s effectiveness. Practical and Social Implications: The study highlights the need for stronger enforcement of the NAP and targeted support for master craftsmen to comply with the policy’s guidelines. By improving working conditions, mentorship quality, and financial support for apprentices, the fashion industry can better contribute to youth employment and economic growth in Ghana. Originality: This research provides a unique examination of the intersection between national policy and informal apprenticeship practices in Ghana’s fashion industry. It contributes to the existing literature by uncovering the practical challenges faced in implementing standardised labour practices in a sector that heavily relies on informal training systems.