Multi-Temporal Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Ships Considering Power Source Lifespan Decay Synergy

With increasingly stringent maritime environmental regulations, hybrid fuel cell ships have garnered significant attention due to their advantages in low emissions and high efficiency. However, challenges related to the coordinated control of multi-energy systems and fuel cell degradation remain significant barriers to their practical implementation. This paper proposes an innovative multi-timescale energy management strategy that focuses on optimizing the lifespan decay synergy of fuel cells and lithium batteries. The study designs an attention-based CNN-LSTM hybrid model for power prediction and constructs a two-stage optimization framework: The first stage employs Model Predictive Control (MPC) for long-term power planning to optimize equivalent hydrogen consumption, while the second stage focuses on real-time power allocation considering both power source degradation and system operational efficiency. The simulation results demonstrate that compared to single-layer MPC and the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS), the proposed method exhibits significant advantages in reducing single-voyage costs, minimizing differences in power source degradation rates, and alleviating power source stress. The overall performance of this strategy approaches the global optimal solution obtained through Dynamic Programming, comprehensively validating its superiority in simultaneously optimizing system economics and durability.