Exploring the Nature of the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Harm of Mass Public Shootings

We examine if adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) directly affect the amount of harm (victims and injuries) caused in mass public shootings or whether ACEs have a mediating or moderating influence on a variety of factors previously associated with the amount of harm caused in mass shootings. Using publicly available data, our results show that ACEs do not directly affect harm. In the mediation model, results indicate the number of ACEs experienced by the shooters indirectly affected the harm of the event, but only through the shooters possessing fame-seeking motivations. In the moderation model, the significant interactions show the strongest relationships between ACEs and harm for those without mental distress or life stressors or signs of crisis. Recommendations for future research and practice are offered.