Antibody-Drug Conjugate and Its Application on Lung Cancer

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising class of anticancer therapeutics, comprising a monoclonal antibody (mAb) linked to a cytotoxin via a specialized linker. Currently, 15 ADCs have received FDA approval, with numerous others undergoing clinical trials. Despite their potential, ADCs have shown limited application primarily in specific cancer types such as adenocarcinoma, and their efficacy in other cancers like non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains under exploration. This paper reviews the history of ADC development and delves into the mechanisms underlying their function. It provides a detailed analysis of the various components of ADCs—antibodies, linkers, and cytotoxins—and how their selection impacts the overall efficacy and safety of the drug. Specific targets, such as HER2, and corresponding ADCs are also discussed. Additionally, the challenges associated with ADC application, including poor target specificity and the risk of severe off-target effects, are highlighted as critical areas for ongoing research and development.