“Thousands of lives and millions of rubles!” The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 reflected in Czech periodicals

The years 1876–1878 were a time when the nationalist movement of the southern Slavic nations in the Balkans was culminating, especially among the Bulgarians, who, under the influence of the anti-Turkish rebellion in Herzegovina in 1875, accelerated preparations for similarly organized rebel activities. These events showed the Bulgarian issue being not an internal affair of the Ottoman Empire but rather as being integral to the Great Eastern Crisis, related to differing opinions of European powers, especially Great Britain and Russia, which was also followed closely by the Czech periodical press (e.g., Národní listy, Světozor, Čech, etc.). This study examines the primary spectrum of attitudes taken on these questions of international politics by Czech journalists, especially those working for Národní listy, the leading Czech periodical of that era, who during this era of culminating Czech emancipation, were finally coming of age in the sense of an independent profession. The focus will not be on the ideological parameters of the Russo-Turkish War but rather on the perception of the military conflict and its reflections in a geographically relatively remote environment, which continues to be relevant even now.