RATIONALE FOR NECK DISSECTION FOR ACCESS TO THE THYROID GLAND AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF THYROIDECTOMY ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Identifying the mechanism of influence of factors of different origin on the morphogenesis of the heart in the process of postnatal ontogenesis and the spectrum of pathological conditions is multistage, so determining the general patterns of disorders of the heart in the experiment is one of the main tasks of modern medicine. The aim of our research was to study the morphological patterns of heart morphogenesis and structural components of the myocardium of experimental animals after thyroidectomy using general histological microscopy. Direct observation of the effect of thyroidectomy on the structures of the heart in humans is impossible, so with the help of induced experimental models it is possible to analyze the morphogenetic changes of the heart after thyroidectomy. For the first time a complex morphological, general histological organization of structural components of the myocardium of rats after thyroidectomy and in experimental hypothyroidism. The model of thyroidectomy and the stages are described sequentially with justification for the layer – by – layer incision of the neck area. Under the conditions of modeling hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy in the myocardium destructive changes of muscle fibers are observed and rearrangement of structural components of the myocardium of the heart wall and justified after thyrodectomy at violation to pathophysiological and pathoanatomical mechanisms. The results of the study contribute to the expansion of ideas about the basic principles and specific changes in the heart after thyroidectomy make it possible to predict the effects on the structural components of the myocardium during thyroidectomy.