A Comparative Study on the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Ficus racemosa Linn. Leaves (Moraceae) and Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Leaves (Ebenaceae)

Diabetes mellitus, the most common long-term metabolic disease, is characterized by abnormalities in either insulin action or secretion, or both. A serious public health issue is the substantial morbidity and death of late-diabetic complications. The World Health Organisation (WHO) states that the lack of ability of current modern therapies to control all pathological aspects of diabetes mellitus, their high cost, and their limited availability for many rural populations in developing countries make alternative strategies urgently needed. Measured as a metabolic regulator of insulin activity was glucose. Diabetic individuals are known to have impaired glucose homeostasis and elevated plasma glucose. The current study found that when Diospyros melanoxylon leaves (DML) and Ficus racemose leaves (FRL) extracts were given to diabetic rats, the levels of GlyHb and plasma glucose were recovered, and insulin, C-peptide, and Hb parameters were elevated. Diabetic rats also had reduced levels of insulin, C-peptide, and Hb when compared to normal control rats. An important observation of antidiabetic efficacy was made for the DML and FRL extracts. On the last day, diabetic control was significantly different from both normal control and other drug-treated groups (DRL and FRL). The groups' differences on the first day were significant at the 0.05 level. The current investigation showed that the direct destruction of ß-cells by streptozotocin caused diabetes. The diabetic pancreas with streptozotocin ultra-structure revealed significantly fewer islets langerhans and deficient islets. There was pancreatic islet regeneration in the diabetic rats. The ability of DML and FRL variety extract to regenerate pancreatic cells through the exocrine cells of the pancreas may shed light on the beneficial effects of these agents on insulin production.