Impact of Particle Size of Acyclovir Loaded Mucoadhesive Microcapsules on Drug Release Characteristics

This study focuses on the preparation and evaluation of prolonged-release acyclovir (ACV)-loaded mucoadhesive microcapsules using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique with sodium CMC as a mucoadhesive and rate-retarding polymer. The microcapsules exhibited a high yield (92.67–97.85%), drug entrapment efficiency (72.79–92.17%), and mucoadhesion (62–73%). Particle size ranged between 250 μm (F1) and 302 μm (F4), increasing with polymer concentration. In vitro drug release studies conducted in pH 1.2 phosphate buffer revealed an inverse relationship between polymer concentration and release rate. Smaller microcapsules (F1) demonstrated faster drug release (95% in 12 hours), while larger microcapsules (F4) showed sustained release (55% in 12 hours). These insights underscore the importance of optimizing particle size to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes. This study provides valuable data for the development of tailored microcapsule formulations, improving the efficacy and compliance of ACV therapy.