Panoramic Radiographic Analysis of Age- and Sex-related Variations in Upper Mandibular Morphology: Focus on the Condyle, Sigmoid Notch, and Coronoid Process

This study highlights significant age- and sex-related morphological variations in the mandibular condyles, sigmoid notches, and coronoid processes. These findings have important clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders and maxillofacial surgery. Understanding these variations can improve diagnostic accuracy and surgical outcomes in patient-specific care.