Comprehensive Review of Storage Optimization Techniques in Blockchain Systems

Blockchain technology, known for its decentralization, traceability, immutability, and security, has attracted widespread attention in academia and has been extensively applied in numerous fields. However, as the application of blockchain expands, the demand for data storage has increased rapidly, leading to rising storage costs and reduced resource utilization efficiency. In practical scenarios, it is challenging to minimize storage redundancy in blockchain systems. Therefore, effectively optimizing blockchain storage has become a key research focus. This paper explores blockchain storage optimization from the perspective of data management, analyzing current techniques such as pruning technique, IPFS optimization, sharding, erasure coding, deduplication, and data compression. It also discusses the challenges in blockchain scalability and provides directions and prospects for future research.