Risk Challenges and Their Impact on the Sustainable Food Security System: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic

The aim of this study is to indicate and evaluate the main risk challenges for the food security system from the perspective of a sustainability and adaptation pillar of the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) in the COVID-19 pandemic. The study contributes to both theory and practice in addressing contemporary global challenges. The study systematically identifies and evaluates the multidimensional risks to sustainable food security systems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the role of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It employs innovative methodologies such as the integration of the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) and the PESTLE framework, extending the latter with governance considerations within the ESG concept, a novel approach in this context. The findings provide actionable insights into building resilience in food supply chains and adapting policies for future crises, thereby filling critical gaps in the literature. Moreover, the study focuses on the intersection of sustainability, risk challenges, and well-being, fostering research that drives sustainable development globally.