Oral Transmucosal Drug Delivery: A Potential Route To Treat Migraine

Migraine is a complex neurological disease. Migraine headaches described as vascular headaches cause a throbbing and pulsating pain around the head. A migraine attack involves stimulating the sympathetic nerve system, and increased sympathetic activity leads to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Therefore, treatment of migraine requires immediate onset of action of the drug to give fast relief from the pain. Absorption of drugs directly through the oral cavity is one of the efficient ways of treating various diseases. The oral cavity has low enzymatic activity, ease of access for patients to receive and administer medication, and high vascularization and permeability allowing pharmacological compounds to reach the bloodstream immediately. Oral Transmucosal formulations such as mouth-dissolving strips, buccal tablets, buccal patches, and bioadhesive films, sublingual formulations, soft palatable films provide better bioavailability and tackle the main drawbacks of oral therapy, including hepatic biotransformation, varying drug absorption across the gastrointestinal system, and enzymatic degradation. The effects of these formulations might be both systemic and localized. In this paper, a comprehensive review has been made to discuss the causes, types, and treatment of migraine. The role of Oral Transmucosal formulations in the prepared for the treatment of migraine.