Investigation of the Potential Roles of Thyroid Gland Hormones in the Pathogenesis of Thyroid Disorders

This study was designed to evaluate the roles of total Thyroxine T4, total T3, free Thyroxine FT4, free triiodothyronine FT3, and thyroid stimulating hormone TSH indicators in the pathogenesis of patients with thyroid diseases. Seventy patients with thyroid diseases and thirty healthy individuals (as a control group) were enrolled in this study from April to July 2024. An HSCL-5000MICRO Homogenous Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer was used to measure the markers. Most patients were females (82.9%) with age groups; 31-40 (32.9%) and 41-50 (40.0%) years    Significantly increased (p<0.05) levels of total T4 in patients than controls, while levels of FT4 were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in patients than controls. In contrast, our research reveals no significant difference (p>0.05) between levels of T3, FT3, and TSH indicators and study groups. ROC curve results showed the FT4 scored the highest sensitivity and specificity (77% and 72%), followed by T4 (68% and 68%) and then TSH (57% and 60%) at cut off values (13.42, 88.28 and 2.67) respectively in screening patients with thyroid diseases with significant different (p<0.05). Our investigation mentions no significant differences (p>0.05) between levels of T4, T3, T4, FT3 and TSH in males versus females and within age groups of patients. It was also noted that there was no significant correlation among thyroid hormones.   In conclusion, this study proved that FT4 was more critical for detecting thyroid disease due to its high sensitivity and specificity