Design of Compact Triple-Band Antenna with Dual-Band Rectifier for RF Energy Harvesting

A rectenna is a device that converts electromagnetic energy into direct current electricity. An antenna and rectifier are the main components of a rectenna; the antenna serves the purpose of receiving radio frequency energy that exists in the environment, & rectifier is utilized for converting captured RF energy into DC power. This paper presents an edge-fed triple band (2.4, 3.5, & 5.8 GHz) semicircle arc-shaped patch antenna designed using a low-cost FR4 substrate. The antenna has compact dimensions of 31 mm*28 mm*1.6 mm (0.25????0 * 0.22????0 * 0.013????0), suitable in the context of harvesting radio frequency energy from ambient environments. The configuration of a high-gain antenna involves situating a reflector positioned 18.5 mm beneath the antenna, thereby achieving gain levels of 3.49 dB, 7.48 dB, and 8.78 dB at designated frequencies. An equivalent circuit of the antenna was accomplished by utilizing ADS, and the results were analyzed in comparison to the reflection coefficient values derived from HFSS at the relevant frequencies. Furthermore, a rectifier capable of dual-band operation at 1.80 GHz and 2.45 GHz has been developed and fabricated. The outcomes for both the proposed antenna and rectifier are then analyzed in relation to findings documented in the current literature. The innovation presented in this study is characterized by the unique design of the antenna, which allows for the manipulation of its resonance frequency. The proposed antenna offers significant benefits, including reduced dimensions and enhanced gain performance.