Dysmenorrhea: Predisposing Factors, Effects on Activities and Health-seeking Behavior among University Students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Dysmenorrhea, a common gynecologic complaint among adolescent and young women is of public health importance because of its impact on their regular activities. This study aimed to determine the predisposing factors of dysmenorrhea, its effects, and health-seeking behavior among University students. Methods: This analytic cross-sectional study was conducted among 319 students selected through multistage random sampling technique from major halls of residence in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Information on respondents’ demographic characteristics, effect of dysmenorrhea on their daily activities, and their health-seeking behavior was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 with level of statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 20.8 ± 1.91 years, and the prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 82.1%. The commonest symptom among those experiencing dysmenorrhea was low mood (51.9%). The length of cycle was the only factor associated with the presence of dysmenorrhea (P = 0.041). Ninety-two (35.1%) respondents sought medical attention. Severity and duration of pain, duration and heaviness of flow, and previous treatment for sexually transmitted infection were associated with their health-seeking behavior (P < 0.05). Class absenteeism, limitation to extracurricular activities, and restriction in relationship with others had significant impact on the students with moderate and severe dysmenorrhea (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of dysmenorrhea, less than half of the students sought medical attention even though it affected their class attendance, extracurricular activities, and relationship with others.