Real-Time Electric Vehicle Battery SOC Estimation Using Advanced Optimization Filtering Techniques

Improving the Extended Kalman Filter's (EKF) State of Charge (SOC) prediction for EV battery packs is the primary goal of this section. Optimised batteries management procedures rely on SOC estimate that is both accurate and reliable. The EKF is a popular tool for estimating nonlinear states, but how well it works relies heavily on which noise coefficient matrices are used (Q and R). Experimental testing and other conventional approaches of calibrating these matrix systems are extremely costly and time-consuming. In order to tackle this, the section delves into the integration of four state-of-the-art metaheuristic optimisation methods: GA, PSO, SFO, and HHO. By minimising the mean square error (MSE) among the real and expected SOC, these techniques optimise the Q and R matrices. When looking at preciseness, converging speed, and resilience, SFO-EKF comes out on top in both static and dynamic comparisons. By greatly improving the reliability of SOC estimations, the numerical results show that SFO-EKF obtains the lowest MSE RMSE. This study advances electric car batteries by providing a realistic scheme for combining optimisation methods with EKF to offer highly effective and exact SOC estimates. When as opposed to TR-EKF, GA-EKF, PSO-EKF, and HHO-EKF, the SFO-EKF approach shows the best accuracy, with an improvement of over 94%. This is a result of the suggested model's exceptional efficiency in SOC estimates.