Navigating periodontal health: Insights from chair side diagnostics

Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition driven by infection that is brought on by dental plaque buildup. It also results in microbial changes that, in vulnerable people, can have a severe impact on the periodontium. When these lesions are discovered early and yet reversible, microbiological diagnostic techniques help provide a chance for non-invasive therapy. Among the methods used were microscopy, bacterial culture, immunological assays such as Evalusite, Oraquick, Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridisation, enzymatic assays such as Periogard, Perioscan, Pocket watch, MMP dipstick test, Periocheck, Biolise, and molecular biology techniques such as PCR, Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP), Pyrosequencing, Supported Oligonucleode Ligation and Detection (SOLiD). Chairside diagnostic tools have become more capable with the addition of biomarkers, AI, and multimodal diagnostic platforms. This has allowed physicians to deliver personalised treatment regimens and improve patient outcomes. We have complied data and presented an overview of chairside periodontal diagnostic instruments for the gingival sulcus advanced clinical examination, discuss chairside biomarker technology in detail, and provide the most recent advancements in dental imaging technology for measuring periodontal bone and tissues.