Evaluating Soluble CD25 as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Severe Aplastic Anemia: A Retrospective Analysis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is a critical marrow failure syndrome characterized by pancytopenia and bone marrow failure (BMF).Soluble CD25, which is involved in immune regulation, has been proposed as a potential biomarker of SAA.This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of soluble CD25 for differentiating SAA from other BMF failure syndromes. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This retrospective study included 150 patients: 50 with SAA and 100 with other BMF syndromes.Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained, and soluble CD25 was measured using an ELISA kit.The diagnostic accuracy of soluble CD25 was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS:The soluble CD25 concentration was significantly greater in the SAA group (3245 pg/mL) than in the BMF syndrome group (1250 pg/ mL) (p<0.001).Soluble CD25 showed excellent diagnostic performance, with an area under the curve of 0.92 (95% confidence interval: 0.89-0.95).Using a cut-off value of 2500 pg/mL, the sensitivity was 84%, the specificity was 88%, the positive predictive value was 72%, and the negative predictive value was 93%.Soluble CD25 levels are correlated with disease severity, with higher levels linked to more severe cytopenia and lower bone marrow cellularity.CONCLUSION: Soluble CD25 can be a useful non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of SAA because it is very accurate in distinguishing SAA from other marrow failure syndromes.The association of this parameter with disease severity makes it useful for early and accurate diagnosis, which enhances treatment.