Phytochemical, Microscopic, And Spectroscopic Evaluation Of Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Pterocarpus Marsupium, Syzygium Aromaticum, Aegle Marmelos, And Coccinia Grandis: Characterization And Medicinal Potential

This study investigates the macroscopical, microscopical, and spectroscopic characteristics of five medicinal plants: Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice), Pterocarpus marsupium (Indian Kino), Syzygium aromaticum (Clove), Aegle marmelos (Bael), and Coccinia grandis (Ivy Gourd). The objective is to establish a comprehensive profile of these plants' identification features, phytochemical composition, and medicinal properties. Macroscopical analysis revealed distinctive characteristics that aid in plant identification, such as the fibrous texture and yellowish-brown color of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, and the astringent taste of Pterocarpus marsupium bark. Microscopical analysis highlighted the presence of key structures, such as fibrovascular bundles in Glycyrrhiza glabra, tannin cells in Pterocarpus marsupium, and oil glands in Syzygium aromaticum. UV-Vis spectroscopy demonstrated distinct absorbance peaks reflecting alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins across the plant extracts. FTIR spectra further confirmed the presence of bioactive functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and phenolic groups. The physicochemical analysis indicated the moisture content, ash content, and extractive values, which are vital for understanding the storage and bioactive yield of the plant materials. These findings provide valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of these plants and their use in traditional medicine.