The Relevance of the River Pattern and its Effect on the Groundwater Parameters (Case study: the plains of the southern Hillside of Alborz center)

1-IntroductionLandforms show different patterns over time and in different spatial scales and climates, knowing the temporal and spatial patterns of landforms in each region can provide the possibility of predicting and detecting the potential of Groundwater in a similar spatial situation.Due to Iran being among the dry and semi-arid countries of the world and the existence of inherent limitations of Groundwater water resources, proper location for exploring and maintaining the sustainable potential of Groundwater is of particular importance.The importance of these resources in the southern plains of Alborz is twofold due to the population density and location in a dry and semi-arid climate, which requires the exploration of Groundwater.A complete understanding of the system, forecasting the current and future conditions, as well as presenting the environmental indicators considered by geomorphologists by providing geostatistical methods, in addition to saving money and time, can determine the places where there is a higher probability of having desirable aquifers.Rivers represent to a great extent the geomorphic nature of any region.The appearance patterns of the river can be classified into four main groups, which are straight channels, sinuous meandering and severe meandering.The channel pattern is derived from a set of characteristics that can create a direct relationship with the state of Groundwater infiltration and, as a result, changes in the level of water stagnation.Factors such as changes in river flow, sediment conditions, land surface slope, river strength, vegetation cover, etc. cause changes in the pattern of the river along its path.These factors are considered to be the most important factors of Groundwater penetration in the plain and downstream areas of the mountain fault line (Kennik line).Therefore, it can be concluded that with the change in the river pattern, the status of the groundwater level should also change.In the field of investigating the real or actual potential of Groundwater, there have been scattered studies that based on the environmental changes during a certain period, it is possible to find out the probability of the existence of Groundwater in that area.The purpose of the current research is to find the potential of Groundwater resources according to the changes of river platforms in the western plains of Tehran, Alborz and Qazvin.In this present research, after identifying and mapping the river channels in the western and southern plains of Tehran, Alborz and Qazvin provinces, the sinuosity characteristics of each of the rivers were determined and the studied area was divided into 67 intervals according to the river patterns and calculated independently.Also, this article has tried to determine the influence of river parameters on the changes of Groundwater parameters by identifying the border of river pattern changes and its relationship with the clustering of Groundwater parameters according to statistical classification 2-MethodologyIn order to evaluate the role of river platforms on water table changes, information on well discharge rate, electrical conductivity and water table depth of 23559 observation wells from Iran Water Resources Organization was prepared.Also, the morphometric characteristics of the rivers and the resulting patterns were identified and