Implementing IoT in Water Level Management: Reservoir Monitoring and Flood Mitigation

The present study investigates the monitoring of reservoir water levels to help prevent floods by accurately measuring and controlling the water flow through the reservoir’s door. The system uses multiple technologies, such as the OTT C31 universal current meter, float level switches, and the YagiUda antenna, to gather real-time data from substations and main stations around the dam. The data collected includes water level before and after the dam door, and water velocity at the dam door. Ensuring the efficiency and security of data transmission, the system employs an HT12E encoder and HT12D decoder, which are used to encode and decode data for secured transmission. The data was processed in Arduino Mega 2560 and sent to Raspberry Pi due to its ability to connect to WiFi, which could host a website providing users with real-time data and reducing the damage caused by flooding. The real-time data transmission allows the system to significantly improve the capability for proactive flood management, making it a vital tool for protecting public safety and infrastructure. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in both controlled and real-world environments. Key findings include the performance of the Yagi-Uda antenna at 433 MHz and the water velocity measurement through varied cross-sectional dam doors.