Heart Rate Estimation From Photoplethysmography Signals Using Fast Fourier Transform

Heart rate (HR) estimation is crucial for monitoring cardiovascular health and overall well-being. Advances in sensor technology have led to portable heart rate monitors that allow accurate HR estimation at home. Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals, known for their non-invasive nature, are commonly used in wearable devices for HR estimation. This study introduces a heart rate estimation system using PPG signals from a custom-designed sensory system. The signals are digitized by a high-resolution Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), and an innovative Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module with a novel single path delay commutator processing element (SPD-PE), which is used for efficient HR extraction. This system achieves an accuracy of ± 1.52BPM, enhancing computational efficiency and reliability for real-time monitoring in portable and wearable devices, thereby advancing health monitoring technology.