Localization Performance Analysis in Agriculture 4.0 Utilizing Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellites

This paper introduces a novel localization technique for enhancing the precision of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) by harnessing the potential of emerging megaconstellations of small satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO), specifically focusing on its applications within Agriculture 4.0. Given the rapid velocity of LEO satellites, it becomes imperative to assess the impact of the Doppler shift on positioning accuracy. Herein, we propose a correction model, Orbit Errors Equivalent to Positioning Error (OEEPE), designed to address the challenge of transmission time ambiguity. To validate the efficiency of our proposed time-frequency compensated Doppler positioning method incorporating epoch selection, we conduct numerous simulations utilizing Iridium-NEXT and Orbcomm satellite data. Our results indicate that the proposed model aligns closely with traditional Doppler positioning error patterns. These findings offer valuable insights for advancing and deploying future GNSS systems employing LEO satellites, particularly catering to the demands of highly precise and dependable applications in Agriculture 4.0.