Secure and Immutable Blockchain-Based E-Voting for Efficient Overseas e-Voting

This paper introduces a blockchain-based electronic voting (e-voting) system aimed at addressing the inefficiencies and security vulnerabilities of traditional and digital voting methods. Traditional voting is often slow and cumbersome, particularly for overseas voters, while existing digital methods compromise on security, deterring their adoption for national elections. Our proposed system leverages blockchain technology to create an immutable and transparent ledger, thereby enhancing the integrity and security of the voting process. Utilizing serverless cloud technologies, it also achieves scalable resource allocation, which significantly cuts operational costs. Specifically, we employ the Hyperledger blockchain with a RAFT consensus mechanism for maintenance of security rather than as a direct source of security, and the Paillier cryptosystem to ensure vote encryption and voter privacy. Initial results indicate a dramatic reduction in vote processing times—from hours to seconds—and considerable cost savings in managing overseas voting logistics. This scalable model demonstrates the potential to make e-voting a practical and secure option for national elections, enhancing accessibility while ensuring high security and transparency. The source code is made openly accessible here: https://github.com/direnbharwani/evote-captsone.