Design and implementation of a low-cost modular electronic system for home automation based on IoT

IoT-based home automation systems are gaining increasing popularity. Research shows that relatively few households effectively utilize such systems. This article presents the development of an inexpensive, multifunctional, and reliable smart home solution using Arduino and Raspberry Pi microcomputers. The constructed system is modular to provide a universal solution. The main component of the module (AM) is the Arduino microprocessor, which, with its analog and digital inputs and outputs, allows for the connection of multiple sensors and actuators for measuring and controlling various parameters. To expand the managed processes within the household, multiple modules can be used. Raspberry Pi serves as the server for processing and visualizing data. System configuration, management, and analysis are handled through a graphical user interface (GUI). The user can set values for the controlled parameters as well as select from different scenarios. Communication between the microcontrollers is established via a wireless TCP/IP network protocol. Data is recorded in a database, allowing for long-term storage and analysis. The developed system simplifies the operation of smart devices used in the household and enables the optimization of various domestic processes, including energy consumption, security, comfort, and more.