Optimized Shape Design of a Dual-Band Circular Slot High Gain Array Antenna Using Genetic Algorithm for 2.4 GHz Applications

This paper presents the design and optimization of a two-element circular slot array antenna tailored for high-gain applications at dual frequencies of 2.41 GHz and 4.66 GHz. The antenna was optimized using a genetic algorithm implemented in HFSS software v15 to achieve superior performance metrics. The reflection coefficient signal (S11) has been used as fitness function for genetic algorithm. The antenna demonstrates a first resonance at $2.41 \mathrm{GHz}(-25.85 \mathrm{~dB})$ with a bandwidth ranging from 2.37 - 2.45 GHz. The second resonance occurs at 4.66 GHz $(-19.53 \mathrm{~dB})$ and a bandwidth from $4.61-4.69 \mathrm{GHz}$. The gain at 2.41 GHz is notably high at 9.44 dBi, making this design highly suitable for 2.4 GHz applications. The combination of dual-band operation, high gain, and optimized performance characteristics makes this antenna a promising candidate for modern wireless communication systems.