The Influence of Quenching Procedure on Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Membranes for the Flexible Self-Powered Electronic

Piezoelectric membranes possessing outstanding flexibility have garnered significant attention in various new fields, such as the utilization in sensors and actuators, and energy storage devices. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric membrane was fabricated using the phase inversion technique and subsequently subjected to quenching as a processing treatment at various temperatures (room temperature, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$</tex>, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$5^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$</tex> ) in a water bath. The Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were employed to analyze the morphologies and crystalline phases in the quenched film. Furthermore, the mechanical and electro active analyses have demonstrated that the quenching treatment has slightly improved the polar <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\beta$</tex>-phase, especially for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$5^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$</tex> temperature of process. Finally, after using the quenched sample exhibits significant outcomes in comparison to the normal treatment. This study demonstrates that the utilization of a quenched PVDF film as the foundation for a highly compliant piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG) as a flexible self-powered electronic holds significant potential for the development of flexible self-powered electronic devices.