A High Gain and Two-Dimensional Beam Scanning Liquid Crystal Phased Antenna Array

A 16-element phased array antenna system at 30 GHz is reported, including the construction and simulation of slot-coupled patch antenna elements, a one-to-sixteen power divider, a DC block, a biasing network, and a helical line phase shifter. Phase control is achieved through liquid crystal materials, creating a compact microwave phased array system. The simulation results show that the maximum gain is 15.5 dBi at 30 GHz, and two-dimensional scanning of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\pm 22^{\circ}$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\pm 24^{\circ}$</tex> at Phi <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$=0$</tex> and Phi <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$=90$</tex> plane can be achieved.