IoT-based Smart Traffic Signal System Prioritizing Dense Traffic and Emergency Vehicles

The problem of overpopulation is worsening in Pakistan, leading to numerous challenges in urban planning. One significant issue is the congestion of roadways and the complexities of traffic management, particularly in cities like Hyderabad. Many intersections lack modern signaling systems, relying instead on either outdated signals or manual control by traffic wardens during malfunctions. This research introduces an "IoT-based Smart Traffic Signal System Prioritizing Dense Traffic and Emergency Vehicles," designed specifically for four-way intersections. The system leverages real-time data to assess traffic density and detect the approach of emergency vehicles. An AI-based (Artificial Intelligence) vehicle counting feature enhances traffic congestion management by providing dynamic traffic control, a solution successfully implemented in other countries. This system utilizes cost-effective and readily available hardware components, enabling accurate vehicle counts and emergency detection well in advance of intersections. Additionally, the system’s IoT connectivity can detect hardware malfunctions, facilitating continuous traffic management. This research aims to significantly enhance traffic control capabilities, easing the burden on urban traffic management systems.