Evaluation of stretch shortening cycle and conventional exercise for lateral epicondylitis: A pilot study

Introduction. Lateral epicondylitis, or tennis elbow, is a common musculoskeletal condition caused by repetitive strain on the elbow joint, often affecting individuals engaged in repetitive wrist and forearm motions. It leads to inflammation and microtears in the extensor tendons, resulting in pain, impaired grip strength, and difficulties in daily activities. Management typically involves conservative treatments, with therapeutic exercises playing a crucial role. Recent methods, such as stretch shortening cycle (SSC) exercises, utilize elastic energy to enhance rehabilitation outcomes. Aim. This study compares the effectiveness of SSC exercises and traditional exercise protocols in improving grip strength and functional outcomes in patients with unilateral lateral epicondylitis. It also assesses the interventions’ impact on activities of daily living using the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) and a patient-specific functional scale. Methods. Conducted at the ACS Medical College and Hospital, the study involved 24 participants aged 45–65 years with unilateral lateral epicondylitis. Participants were randomly assigned to Group A (SSC exercises) or Group B (traditional exercises). Group A performed SSC exercises combining eccentric and immediate concentric phases, while Group B engaged in conventional strengthening and stretching exercises. Both groups completed a 12-week program. Assessments included grip strength (dynamometer), PRTEE scores, and a functional scale. Statistical analysis compared pre- and post-intervention results. Results. Both groups showed significant improvements in grip strength and functional outcomes, with SSC exercises yielding superior results. PRTEE scores revealed reduced pain and improved functionality, with statistically significant differences favoring SSC exercises (p < 0.05). The effect size for grip strength was small (Cohen’s d = 0.062), and the number needed to treat (NNT) was 17, suggesting modest clinical benefits. Conclusion. SSC exercises are more effective than traditional protocols in improving grip strength and functional performance in lateral epicondylitis, supporting their use in rehabilitation strategies.