Market surveillance of regulated products: The use of X-ray fluorescence for heavy metals analysis

The amount of hazardous elements in consumer products is a constant concern. In order to reduce the risks and adverse effects on the health and well-being of citizens, many products have strict regulations regarding the amount of heavy metals and organic contaminants. In Brazil, Inmetro regulates more than 560 products, including toys and jewelry (Cd and Pb, 0.01 % and 0.03 % by weight, respectively). This paper presents the use of X-ray fluorescence as a non-destructive technique for metal analysis. Results of variations of the technique are presented, including the development of a wet method for external calibration and destructive analysis of the samples. Results of Cd and Pb analysis of low-cost jewelry are presented, according to the regulation limits determined by Inmetro.