Investigation the Role of Lactate Dehydrogenase, Caspase and the Oxidative Stress Levels in Breast Cancer Patients

Background Breast cancer (BC) is a significant public health issue, characterized by its heterogeneity in clinical presentation, biological be- havior, and response to therapy. Elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and caspase-3, along with oxidative stress markers such as malon- dialdehyde (MDA) and catalase activity, have been linked to breast cancer progression and prognosis. Aim This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum levels of LDH, caspase-3, MDA, and catalase activity in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls, providing insights into potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Materials and Methods A total of 120 participants, including breast cancer patients and healthy controls, were recruited. Blood samples were collected, and serum levels of LDH, caspase-3, MDA, and catalase activ- ity were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and spectrophotometric methods. Data were statistically analyzed using un- paired t-tests and chi-square analysis, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results Breast cancer patients exhibited significantly higher serum lev- els of LDH, caspase-3, and MDA (p < 0.0001) compared to healthy con- trols. In contrast, catalase activity was significantly lower in the patient group (p < 0.0001). These findings highlight the potential role of these biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Conclusion Elevated LDH, caspase-3, and MDA levels, alongside re- duced catalase activity, are associated with breast cancer. These biomark- ers could serve as valuable tools for early detection and monitoring thera- peutic responses in breast cancer patients.