Paternal Zinc Deficiency and Its Transgenerational Effects on Zinc Transporters in <i>Drosophila</i>

The nutritional status of fathers plays a significant role in influencing the growth, metabolism, and susceptibility to diseases in their offspring. Paternal zinc deficiency can lead to developmental programming effects on the offspring's zinc homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of paternal zinc deficiency on the zinc homeostasis of offspring in a Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) model. Male flies were reared on a diet supplemented with a zinc-chelator, N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), from the egg stage until adulthood, and their offspring were subsequently reared on a normal diet for 7 d. Body zinc status and zinc transporters were assessed afterwards. The results indicated that the prenatal zinc deficiency significantly lowered total body zinc levels (p<0.05) compared to the controls. Additionally, the mRNA levels of zinc transporters, dZip42C.1, dZnT63C, and dZnT35C, were lower in the zinc-deficient male parents (p<0.05) and their male offspring (p<0.05). These findings suggested that paternal zinc deficiency can alter offspring zinc homeostasis, even when the offspring was fed a zinc-sufficient diet. This is an important finding, as zinc is an essential nutrient that is required for a variety of bodily functions. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms by which zinc deficiency in the male parent affects the health of the offspring and to develop strategies to prevent this from happening.