Evaluation of Glutathione-Related Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Investigation of Clinical Correlations

The aim of this study was to illustrate the importance of glutathione-associated enzymes as vital markers of antioxidant/oxidant activity in PCOS disease. Our study comprised a cohort of forty patients, all of whom were above the age of 18 and had been diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) according to the 2003 Rotterdam diagnostic criteria. In addition, we recruited forty healthy individuals who were free from any metabolic disorders. The Rotterdam diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovarian syndrome consist of three main factors: oligo-anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and ultrasonographic confirmation of polycystic ovaries. Individuals who satisfied at least two of the three criteria were categorized as having Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). The levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and deltaglutamyl cysteine synthetase (ꝩ-GCS) in serum samples from both patients and controls were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The study examined the levels of essential enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism in patients with PCOS. The enzymes displayed significant differences between PCOS patients and control groups, indicating that glutathione metabolism plays a pivotal role in the progression of this disease. After conducting correlation analysis, it is clear that enzymes have a reciprocal impact on the progression of the disease. The analytical findings suggest that there was no statistically significant disparity in GGT levels between the PCOS group and the control group (p>0.05). The levels of ꝩ-GCS were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to the control group (P< 0.05). Considering the involvement of ꝩ-GCS in the process of glutathione catalysis, it is postulated that its concentrations would increase in response to an elevation in glutathione levels. Our analysis of the available evidence leads us to conclude that glutathione will exert a substantial influence on the mechanism of PCOS. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a notable medical illness that frequently affects women and has a substantial influence on their overall well-being.